What This Document Is
This document presents eleven objections to the ethical theory of Utilitarianism, as discussed in a Boston University Intro to Ethics (CAS PH 150) course. It summarizes arguments challenging Utilitarianism’s core principles, focusing on its potential for demanding extreme self-sacrifice, eliminating supererogation, and conflicts with justice. The document highlights Sterling Harwood’s perspective and includes critical analysis of specific examples used to illustrate these objections.
Why This Document Matters
This study guide is valuable for students enrolled in introductory ethics courses, particularly those grappling with the complexities of Utilitarianism. It’s useful when preparing for class discussions, exams, or essay assignments that require a critical understanding of this influential moral philosophy. It exists to provide a focused overview of common criticisms, prompting deeper engagement with the material.
Common Limitations or Challenges
This document offers a condensed overview of complex philosophical arguments. It does not provide a comprehensive defense of Utilitarianism or explore alternative ethical frameworks in detail. It’s a starting point for critical thinking, not a substitute for thorough reading and independent research. The document presents Harwood’s replies, but doesn’t offer a full debate.
What This Document Provides
The full document includes:
* A concise definition of Utilitarianism according to both Mill and Harwood.
* Detailed explanations of eleven specific objections to Utilitarianism.
* Illustrative examples, such as the “Inhospitable Hospital” thought experiment and cases involving justice and promises.
* Harwood’s counterarguments to each objection.
* Discussion points regarding the problematic nature of certain examples (e.g., racial violence).
This preview *does not* include the full text of each objection, Harwood’s complete responses, or the detailed analysis of the examples. It is designed to give you a sense of the document’s scope and content, helping you determine if it will be a useful resource for your studies.